Fatemeh Qannadi; Mohammad Hossein Abdollahi
Volume 4, Issue 16 , December 2014, , Pages 129-151
Abstract
In many researches, the role of parents’ behavior on the formationof cognitive and emotional problems in children has been emphasized.Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine ...
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In many researches, the role of parents’ behavior on the formationof cognitive and emotional problems in children has been emphasized.Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the relationshipbetween perceptions of parental behavior and early maladaptiveschemas in children. The method of study was descriptive-analytical.The statistical population consisted of all normal students as well asthose students who referred to the counseling center of Bu Ali SinaUniversity in Hamedan in 2013. In this study, the clinical and nonclinical samples were used. The research sample consisted of 69clinical individuals and 134non-clinical individuals. Conventionalsampling and multistage stratified sampling methods were used toselect the clinical and non-clinical samples, respectively. Theinstruments used for data collection were Young SchemaQuestionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Parker's Parental BondingInstrument (PBI), and the data analyzed using Pearson correlation.The analysis of the results showed a negative correlation betweenearly maladaptive schemas and perceptions of parental caring. Positivecorrelation was also observed between early maladaptive schemas andperceptions of parental overprotection (P<0.05). The results showedthat there were significant differences between perception of parentalbehavior (caring and overprotection) in clinical and non-clinicalsamples (P<0.05). The research findings indicated that parentalbehavior (caring and overprotection) is related with the formation ofearly maladaptive schemas of children. Therefore, the attention ofspecialists can be drawn to the cognitive development of individualsin interaction with primary caregivers, and to the formation ofsubsequent cognitive impairment.
Mosayyeb Yārmohammadi-Vāsel; Fātemeh Qāemi; Fātemeh Qannādi
Volume 2, Issue 6 , February 2012, , Pages 3-39
Abstract
Therapeutic Community Approach (TC) knows the problem to exist within the person not in drugs. This approach also considers addiction as a disease that encompasses the whole personality of the addict; therefore, the problem that should be targeted is the addict not the drug. The main goal of treatment ...
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Therapeutic Community Approach (TC) knows the problem to exist within the person not in drugs. This approach also considers addiction as a disease that encompasses the whole personality of the addict; therefore, the problem that should be targeted is the addict not the drug. The main goal of treatment is to make changes in the attitudes, behavior, values and thoughts of the patient, to make them consistent with a healthy lifestyle and to reinforce their clean time.
Therapeutic community is a treatment protocol developed based on concepts and treatments relating to social learning, and issues of cognitivism, behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, humanism, and psychoanalysis; it can, therefore, create multi-dimensional changes in the drug abuser. In TC, recovery requires rehabilitation, relearning or re-establishment of abilities to make possible a positive life aimed at achievement of physical and emotional health.
While the number of patients admitted to TC may vary between 30 and 2000, clinical experience has shown that the number of 40-80 patients in the TC may have the best efficiency. Community in TC comprises the four basic components of social context, social expectations, social assessment and social feedback. TC period for patients consists of the five phases of orientation, treatment, pre-reentry, reentry and follow-up. Data analysis has shown TC to be an approach that helps people with problems of substance abuse and comorbid psychological disorders. Meanwhile, the results demonstrated the effectiveness of TC on mental symptoms including depression, paranoid thoughts, morbid symptoms, obsession-compulsion, aggressive crimes, criminal behavior, physical complaint, problem in social relationship, and anxiety disorder. As a result, therapeutic community interventions can be helpful for people with drug abuse and comorbid psychological disorders.
